Intermittent fasting (IF), encompassing methods like alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted feeding (TRF), has garnered significant attention for its potential health benefits. TRF involves consuming food within an 8-hour daily window, leading to metabolic shifts and adaptive responses in the brain and nervous system. IF often results in reduced calorie intake, similar to calorie restriction (CR) regimens in laboratory studies. IF also promotes autophagy, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress and lowering the health risk of chronic diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. IF may enhance sleep quality and duration by aligning eating patterns with circadian rhythms, reducing inflammation, and aiding weight loss. Although most studies found no significant change in sleep duration, there is potential for IF to benefit those with less than optimal sleep. Overall, IF represents a sustainable and effective approach to improving metabolic health and sleep, with significant implications for managing obesity and related conditions. Additional research is required to comprehend the enduring effects of IF on many health outcomes. The present review examines the impact of IF on sleep patterns, body weight, and health risk factors for cardio metabolic illness. These regimens improve metabolic markers such as insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, and lipid profiles, potentially reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

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