Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It affects around 5-7 % of all pregnancies. The highest impact of pre-eclampsia was seen in developing countries, constituting 20-80% of maternal mortality. Enhancing calcium and magnesium intake can decrease pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. Prompt management helps in decreasing the incidence of complications. The study aims to assess serum calcium and magnesium levels among pre-eclampsia pregnant women. Objectives are to compare age, gestational age, BMI, BP, serum calcium, and magnesium levels among cases and controls and to check for the cutoff point of serum calcium and magnesium at which they can detect the presence of preeclampsia. Serum calcium and magnesium were assessed using a colorimetric method in the auto analyzer. All parameters were compared between cases and controls. There is a significant difference in the mean systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index between cases and controls. There is a significant difference in the mean serum calcium and magnesium levels between cases and controls. The area under the curve was 0.87 for magnesium levels in detecting preeclampsia. The area under the curve was 0.72 for calcium levels in detecting preeclampsia. Low calcium and magnesium levels could act as risk factors for preeclampsia. Hence, we recommend supplementing calcium and magnesium as a preventive measure against preeclampsia. There is no significant difference between the mean and gestational age between cases and controls.

1. Sukonpan K, Phupong V. Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005;273:12–6. 
2. Ziael S, Ranjkesh F, Faghihzadeh S. Evaluation of 24-hour copper in pre-eclamptic vs normotensive pregnant and non-pregnant women. Int J Fertil Steril. 2008;2:9–12.
3. Roberts JM, Balk JL, Bodnar LM, Belizan JM, Bergel E, Martinez A. Nutrient Involvement in Pre-eclampsia. J Nutr. 2003;133:1684–92. 
4. Sarsam DS, Shamden M, Al Wazan R. Expectant versus aggressive management in severe pre-eclampsia remote from term. Sing Med J. 2008;49:698. 
5. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC III, Wenstrom KD. Williams Obstetrics. 22nd ed. New York: McGraw – Hill; pp. 761–808. 
6. Sukonpan K, Phupong V. Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005;273:12–6. 
7. Jain S, Sharma P, Kulshreshtha S, Mohan G, Singh S. The Role of Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc in Pre-eclampsia. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010;133:162–70. 
8. Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients. 2015;7(9):8199–226. 
9.  Idogun E, Imarengiaye C, Momoh S. Extracellular calcium and magnesium in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Afr J Reprod Health. 2007;11(2):89–94.
10. Udenze I, Arikawe A, Azinge E, et al. Calcium and magnesium metabolism in pre-eclampsia. 2014;33(3):178–82. 
11. Cetin I, Berti C, Calabrese S. Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period. Human Reprod Update. 2010;16(1):80–95. 
12. Punthumapol C, Kittichotpanich B. Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Uric Acid in Pre-eclampsia and Normal Pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91(7):968–72.
13. Hofmeyr GJ, Duley L, Atallah A. Dietary calcium supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia and related problems: a systematic Review and commentary. BJOG. 2007;114:933–43.
14. Hazari MA, Arifuddin MS, Muzzakar S, Reddy VD. Serum calcium level in hypertension. N Am J Med Sci. 2012 Nov;4(11):569-72.
15. Omotayo MO, Dickin KL, O'Brien KO, Neufeld LM, De Regil LM, Stoltzfus RJ. Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia: Translating Guidelines into Practice in Low-Income Countries. Adv Nutr. 2016 Mar 15;7(2):275-8. doi: 10.3945/an.115.010736. PMID: 26980810; PMCID: PMC4785477.
16. Sadaf S, Amna J, Fareeha R, Faseeha R, Ahmad J. Frequency of hypocalcemia in women with preeclampsia at a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Health Sci 2017;11(2):773-776.
17. Luo ZC, An N, Xu HR, et al. The effects and mechanisms of primiparity on the risk of pre-eclampsia: A systematic Review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007;21:36–45. 
18.  Grum T, Seifu A, Abay M, et al. Determinants of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia among women attending delivery services in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childb. 2017;17(1):1–7. 
19. Duckitt K, Harrington D. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: Systematic Review of controlled studies. Br Med J. 2005;330(7491):565. 
20. Samur G, Akkus OO, Ede G, et al. Nutritional status among women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women. Prog Nutr. 2016;18(4):360–68. 
21. Winarno GNA, Pribadi A, Maruli HJ, Achmad ED, Anwar R, Mose JC, Nisa AS, Trianasari N. Ratio of Serum Calcium to Magnesium Levels on Pregnancy with and without Preeclampsia. Med Sci Monit. 2021 Sep 12;27:e932032.
22. Kanagal DV, Rajesh A, Rao K, Devi UH, Shetty H, Kumari S, Shetty PK. Levels of Serum Calcium and Magnesium in Pre-eclamptic and Normal Pregnancy: A Study from Coastal India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Jul;8(7):OC01-4. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8872.4537. Epub 2014 Jul 20.
23. Poon LC, Nicolaides KH. Early prediction of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2014;2014:297397. 
24. Darkwa EO, Antwi-Boasiako C, Djagbletey R, et al. Serum magnesium and calcium in preeclampsia: A comparative study at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Integr Blood Press Control. 2017;10:9. 
25. Sukonpan K, Phupong V. Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005;273(1):12–16. 
26. Adewolu OF. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in women with pregnancy induced hypertension and preeclampsia in Oredo local Government, Benin Metropolis: A pilot study. Afr J Med Health Sci. 2013;12(1):1. 
27. Long S, Romani AM. Role of cellular magnesium in human diseases. Austin J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;2(10):1051.
28. Nahar K, Yasmin H, Shamsuzzaman L. Serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;25(1):15–19. 
29. Bandebuche S, Sagade B, Sontakke A. Serum magnesium in pregnancy induced hypertension. Int J Res Med Sci. 2013;1:413–16. 
30. Roy HL, Nargis S, Rahman MM, et al. Evaluation of serum calcium levels in pre-eclampsia. Med Today. 2018;30(2):57–60. 
31. Tuli J, Chakraborty P, Hoque M, et al. Serum calcium level in preeclamptic patients of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J. 2019;28(2):429–33.