Uterine Cervix is an easily accessible site for various infections, inflammations, and malignancies. Cervical cancer is considered to be the fourth leading cause of death in women worldwide; therefore, it needs to be detected and treated early for better survival. The primary aim of cervical PAP smear screening is to screen and identify neoplastic lesions in the early stage, as cervical cancer can be cured if diagnosed at an early stage and treated promptly. In various pap smear studies, the frequency of non-neoplastic lesions and infections of the cervix is very common. The study aimed to describe the cytomorphological spectrum of lesions of the Uterine Cervix, its clinical correlation, and the categorization of the lesions according to the Bethesda System of Classification 2014. The study's objective was to determine the preference of age and parity in different lesions of the Uterine Cervix to correlate and compare the cytological findings with histomorphological findings. The observation study included 505 women aged 21-65 attending gynecological OPD who underwent conventional pap smears from Dec 2020 to Nov 2022. Out of 505 pap smears studied, most utero-cervical lesions screened were in the 4th decade (43.56%) and parity three (32.87%). The most common presenting clinical symptom was leucorrhoea (45.9%), the most common infection was bacterial vaginosis (59.036%), and the most common abnormal epithelial cell lesion was HSIL (4.55%) (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). Out of 505 pap smear cases, in 97 cases, histopathological correlation was done. The sensitivity of the pap smear was 83.33%, specificity :97.05%, Positive predictive Value :97.22%, and Negative predictive value :82.50%. Most cervical lesions are benign, but it is a site of shades of grey lesions, that includes cervical dysplasia to malignancy. Thus, a pap smear is an easy, cost-effective OPD procedure for the early detection of lesions of the uterine cervix.

1. Fatima Q, Verma S, Bairwa N . K, Gauri L . A, the spectrum of various lesions in cervical biopsies, Int J of Med Res Prof . 2017;3(1):104-11.
2. Purushotham R, Saumya, Nagesha K R, Histopathological spectrum of lesions of Cervix, Int J of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology 2019;2(1):306-310.
3. Sachan PL, Singh M, Patel ML, Sschan R. A study on cervical cancer screening using pap smear test and clinical correlation. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs., 2018; 5: 337-41.
4. ICO Information Centre HPV and Cancer. Human papillomavirus and related diseases in India (Summary Report 2014-08-22): 2014.
5. Anderson MC. Systemic Pathology, Female Reproductive System. 3rd ed.,(6): Churchill Livingstone; p. 47-127.
6. Shaki O, Chakrabarty BK, Nagaraja N. A study on cervical cancer screening in asymptomatic women using Papanicolou smear in a tertiary care hospital in an urban area of Mumbai, India. J family Med Prim Care, 2018; 7: 652-657.
7. Bibbo M, Wilbur DC. Comprehensive Cytopathology-4^th ed.Elseviers,2015;pg 77-245.
8. Nikumbh DB, Nikumbh RD, Dombale VD, Jagtap SV, Desai SR. Cervicovaginal cytology: Clinicopathological and social aspect of cervical cancer screening in rural (Maharashtra) India. Int. J. Health Sciences Research. 2012;1(2):125–132.
9. Umarani MK et al, study of cervical cytology in pap smears in a tertiary care hospital. Ind J of path and onco, oct-dec 2016;3(4);679-683.
10. Smears in a tertiary care center of the Western region of Nepal. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;4(1):2-8
11. Thomas J Elmslie. The Pap smear and Cervical Cancer Screening. CAN. FAM. PHYSICIAN. 1987 ; (33) 131- 137.
12. Ranabhat SK, Shrestha R, Tiwari M. Analysis of abnormal epithelial lesions in cervical pap smears in Mid-Western Nepal; JOL. 2018; 1;pg30-33.
13. Devi J,  Salvi M. Cytological Pattern of Pap Smears and Related Clinical Factors in Detection of Preinvasive and Invasive Lesions of Cervix Uteri - In A Tertiary Care Centre of North East India. IAIM, 2020; 7(5): 44-49.
14. Das D, Kar A, Rath S, Baliarsingh SK, Prusty D, Dash AK. The cytological pattern of Papanicolaou smears and detect cervical cancers: An experience from a tertiary care center of eastern zone of India. Oncol J India 2018;2:25-8.
15. Bal MS et al., detection of abnormal cervical cytology in Papanicolaou smears. J Cytol.2012 Jan-Mar; 29(1): 45–47.
16. Sharma A,  Singh S. Spectrum of cervical lesions and cyton-histological correlation: a study in the tertiary care center. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2019; 6(6):F5-F10.
17. Bishop A, Wells E, Sherris J, Tsu V, Crook B. Cervical cancer: Evolving prevention strategies for developing countries. Reproductory Health Matters 1995;6:60-71.
18. Sachan PL, Singh M, Patel ML, Sachan R. A study on cervical cancer screening using pap smear test and clinical correlation. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2018;5:337-41.
19. Barouti E, Farzaneh F, Sene AA, Tajik Z, Jafari B. The pathogenic microorganisms in Papanicolaou vaginal smears and correlation with inflammation. J Family Reproductory Health. 2013 Mar;7(1):23-7. PMID: 24971098; PMCID: PMC4064746.
20. Imtiaz Ahmad, Rakesh Kumar Nirala, Chandan Kumar Poddar, Pawan Kumar Chaudhary. Comparative study of PAP Smear and microbiological pattern in bacterial vaginosis in a tertiary care hospital, South Bihar (India). International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2018;5(12):L5-L10