Risk Factors of Hepatorenal Syndrome Among Cirrhosis Patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a multiorgan disease that affects the kidneys and liver. It is a cause of acute kidney
injury (AKI) that can be seen in patients suffering from acute or chronic liver disease. The first association of renal failure in
cirrhosis was reported during the 1800s. Our study aims to determine the risk factors associated with HRS-AKI in cirrhotic
patients to guide clinicians in determining the risk of development of HRS-AKI. Objectives are to know the relation between
age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), creatinine, Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores, history of ascites, ventilation,
duration of hospitalization, haemodialysis requirements, presence of any infection, mortality rate with the development of HRS.
The study was conducted in the Nephrology Department at a tertiary care centre named NRI. Medical College, Chinakakani,
Andhra Pradesh, India, on 100 patients admitted in the nephrology department. Males and females above 18 years, admitted
with cirrhosis and AKI, were included in the study. Results showed that among 100 admitted patients, the incidence of HRS was
12%. There was a significant difference in the mean serum creatinine, haemoglobin, and bilirubin levels between cases and
controls. The mean duration of hospitalization, death rate, and need for mechanical ventilation were significantly more among
cases compared to controls. We conclude that the prevalence of hepatorenal syndrome is high among patients with cirrhosis
and AKI.