Evaluation of The Utility of Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen (Cea) Level as A Novel Biomarker in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Angina

Abstract

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumour marker associated with various malignancies such as carcinoma colon, lung, and breast cancer. Nonneoplastic conditions such as obesity, ACS, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic liver and kidney diseases are also associated with higher CEA levels. Hence, we focused on establishing the utility of Serum CEA level as a novel biomarker in ACS and Stable Angina. This was a single centre, Hospital-based Cross-Sectional Observational Study, over 1 year from November 2021 – November 2022, in the Department of Medicine at tertiary care hospital. The Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approved the present study protocol. The mean age of patients included in the study was 54.38 (SD± 11.53 years). Most patients (55%) belonged to the 51-70 years’ group, followed by 37% of patients in the age group 31-50 years. The highest mean values of CEA were noted in patients diagnosed with STEMI; the mean was 5.09 ng/mL (SD±0.59). Patients with stable angina had the lowest CEA mean values at 2.52 ng/mL, although the standard deviation was ±0.83. The descriptive statistics between the ACS and CPK-MB values subtypes were statistically significant. The CPK-MB mean values were the highest in patients diagnosed with STEMI & NSTEMI mean CPK-MB 7.376 ng/mL (SD 1.154). CEA is a robust, novel, and sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of ACS. Its levels correlate with the severity of ACS.