NOSEMOSIS AND ITS EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF HONEY BEES- A REVIEW

Abstract

Nosemosis is  one of the most widespread disease of honey bees  with potentially serious effects  on beekeeping. The transmission of  nosema  disease to the adult honey bees infecting epithelial cells, lining the midgut after spores are ingested causes various clinical symptoms ,including digestive disorders ,shortened life span ,decreased population size and negative effects on honey production capacity. In this review, the historical  and recent data on Nosema ,covering the tissue tropism, pathology ,diagnoses, multiplication, phylogeny and genetics, virulence, clinical symptoms,  control, and  transmission of this important honey bee parasite  and discuss these within the  wider theoretical concepts, have been summarized.