10.22376/ijpbs.2019.10.1.p1-12 Volume 11 Issue 2 2020 (April-June) Renalcalculogenesis is a condition affecting 12% of the global population. The prevalence is seen to be on increase in both developed and developing countries. Lifestyle choice modifications are understood to be one of the prime reasons. There has been an increased prevalence of renal stone urinary stone disease in patients with diabetes. Calculogenesis is a highly complex process that involves physicochemical changes and supersaturation of urine. The experimental work was done in male albino wistar rats. Urine and serum biochemical parameters and the histopathological study of the sections of the kidney calculogenic non-diabetic and diabetic rats were studied. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the experimental rats with alloxan monohydrate. Calculogenesis was induced using sodium oxalate orally. Experiment was done for three months using six rats in each group. The 24-hour urine samples were collected and the relevant biochemical investigations were assessed utilizing standard techniques. Statistical analysis was done using student' test. The promoters namely urine calcium (p lessThan 0.04), uric acid (p lessThan 0.0001) and serum uric acid (p lessThan 0.001) were higher and inhibitor urine citrate was significantly lower (p lessThan 0.05) in the non-diabetic calculogenic rats. Urine uric acid (p lessThan 0.05) was higher and serum magnesium (p lessThan 0.02) and urine citrate were lower in the diabetic calculogenic rats. Comparative study showed high values of urine calcium and uric acid and significantly low serum magnesium in the diabetic calculogenic rats. Histopathological study of kidneys of non-diabetic calculogenic rats showed dilated tubules and epithelial debris. Occasional birefringent crystals of grade+ were seen. Kidneys of the diabetic calculogenic rats showed debris, epithelial desquamation and grade+++ crystals. Significantly high levels of urine calcium and uric acid and low levels of urine citrate was seen in non-diabetic calculogenic rats and significantly high levels of urine uric acid and low levels of serum magnesium in the diabetic calculogenic rats, the factors conducive for crystallization indicates promotion of stone formation. Crystals of grade +++, sclerosis, dilated tubules, epithelial and amorphous debris in kidneys of diabetic calculogenic rats indicates that diabetes along with calculogenic drugs induces crystal deposition in kidneys and diabetes worsens risk factors for urolithiasis. Dr.Dhanalekshmy T G Calculogenesis, Diabetic non-calculogenic, Histopathology, Inhibitor, Birefringent, Debris, Dilated, Desquamation 71-76